Scientists find neural stem cell regulator

Public release date: 16-Apr-2012
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Contact: David Kelly
david.kelly@ucdenver.edu
303-315-6374
University of Colorado Denver

Lack of regulator can cause neural tube defects

AURORA, Colo. (April 16, 2012) Researchers at the University of Colorado School of Medicine have found that lack of a specific gene interrupts neural tube closure, a condition that can cause death or paralysis.

"The neural tube is the beginning of the brain and spinal cord," said the study's lead investigator Lee Niswander, Ph.D., professor of pediatrics at the CU School of Medicine. "A defect in the mLin41 gene doesn't allow the tube to close because not enough neural progenitor cells are being made. The study was the cover story this week in the journal Genes & Development.

Niswander and the paper's first author, Jianfu Chen, Ph.D., made their findings while studying neural stem cells in mice. They said the cells use distinct self-renewal programs to meet the demand of tissue growth and repair during different stages of embryonic development. The molecular mechanisms that control these programs remain largely unknown.

The researchers discovered that the gene mLin41 in mice controls the extent of neural stem cell proliferation during the process of neural closure but not at the later stage of brain development.

According to Chen, mLin41 works with small RNAs and RNA regulators that have never been investigated before in connection with neural tube formation.

Niswander, who is also an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute based in Washington, D.C., said the findings shed new light on neural tube development.

"Our work opens up a whole other pathway toward understanding neural tube defects," she said. "It's a new and significant piece of the puzzle behind understanding how this happens."

###

Faculty at the University of Colorado School of Medicine work to advance science and improve care. These faculty members include physicians, educators and scientists at University of Colorado Hospital, The Children's Hospital Colorado, Denver Health, National Jewish Health, and the Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Degrees offered by the CU Denver School of Medicine include doctor of medicine, doctor of physical therapy, and masters of physician assistant studies. The School is located on the University of Colorado's Anschutz Medical Campus, one of four campuses in the University of Colorado system.

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 16-Apr-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: David Kelly
david.kelly@ucdenver.edu
303-315-6374
University of Colorado Denver

Lack of regulator can cause neural tube defects

AURORA, Colo. (April 16, 2012) Researchers at the University of Colorado School of Medicine have found that lack of a specific gene interrupts neural tube closure, a condition that can cause death or paralysis.

"The neural tube is the beginning of the brain and spinal cord," said the study's lead investigator Lee Niswander, Ph.D., professor of pediatrics at the CU School of Medicine. "A defect in the mLin41 gene doesn't allow the tube to close because not enough neural progenitor cells are being made. The study was the cover story this week in the journal Genes & Development.

Niswander and the paper's first author, Jianfu Chen, Ph.D., made their findings while studying neural stem cells in mice. They said the cells use distinct self-renewal programs to meet the demand of tissue growth and repair during different stages of embryonic development. The molecular mechanisms that control these programs remain largely unknown.

The researchers discovered that the gene mLin41 in mice controls the extent of neural stem cell proliferation during the process of neural closure but not at the later stage of brain development.

According to Chen, mLin41 works with small RNAs and RNA regulators that have never been investigated before in connection with neural tube formation.

Niswander, who is also an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute based in Washington, D.C., said the findings shed new light on neural tube development.

"Our work opens up a whole other pathway toward understanding neural tube defects," she said. "It's a new and significant piece of the puzzle behind understanding how this happens."

###

Faculty at the University of Colorado School of Medicine work to advance science and improve care. These faculty members include physicians, educators and scientists at University of Colorado Hospital, The Children's Hospital Colorado, Denver Health, National Jewish Health, and the Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Degrees offered by the CU Denver School of Medicine include doctor of medicine, doctor of physical therapy, and masters of physician assistant studies. The School is located on the University of Colorado's Anschutz Medical Campus, one of four campuses in the University of Colorado system.

---

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?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

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Book Marketing Bestsellers: Book Promotion Blog: Do You Waste ...

Guest post by Jan Bear

For many authors, book marketing is overwhelming and exhausting. Experts tell authors how to use Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Pinterest; and then there's blogging and guest blogging, participating in Goodreads, answering questions at forums, blog commenting. And that's not even to mention all the offline promotion.

On top of that, reliable sources say that your best marketing for this book is your next book.

The array of options is dizzying, and your time is limited. The truth is, any of those methods can work - for the right audience. And none of them will work for the wrong audience.

Target Marketing Is the Key

The principle of finding and meeting the right audience is at the heart of restoring sanity to your book marketing efforts. In marketing circles, it's called target marketing, and it involves finding the people who are most likely to want your book, and speaking directly to them. Once you know your target market, the rest of your decisions fall into place.

Choosing Your Book's Topic

The best time to start thinking about your audience is before you write your book. Knowing your audience can help you find an unmet need that your book can answer. If you're a doctor writing about diabetes, you may find out that there are many books about adult-onset diabetes but not enough about juvenile -- or vice versa.

Target marketing can tell you if the audience will support the effort you're planning to put into writing the book. If only a small audience shares your passion for the Atlantic hagfish, you may not want to devote years of effort on a massive exploration of its beauties, but instead write a short ebook to start building awareness and an audience.

Writing Your Book

Once you've chosen your topic, knowing your audience can help you write a more successful book.

If you're writing fiction, how you tell the story depends on who you're talking to. Children or adults? Science fiction or romance fans? People familiar with your setting or someone who has never been there? If you keep your audience in view, you'll help them enter into the story you're telling.

If you're writing nonfiction, knowing your audience will solve similar questions, such as how well versed they are in your topic and how much -- if any -- jargon to use. If you're writing to an audience reading English as a foreign language, you'll want to cut down on the idiomatic expressions, such as "Elvis has left the building." If you're writing to a hyperlocal audience, you might want to use the dialect of the people you're talking to.

Designing Your Website and Marketing Materials

If you know your target market, you can choose colors, images and fonts that make sense to them, make them feel at home. You will help them see you as one of themselves and view you as a trusted authority.

People are reading these nonverbal signals all the time - on the cover of your book, when they arrive at your website, when they pick up a promotional postcard at a book fair. They're asking, "Is this for me?" and they make that decision very quickly, before they've even had a chance to think about it.

You want to make sure you connect with your people, because otherwise the right ones won't see your book, and the wrong ones will be disappointed (and give bad reviews) if they read it.

Finding Your Readers Online

Now that you know who your audience is, you can invest your time in social media wisely. If your book is business-to-business, LinkedIn might be your best bet. If it's fiction, Goodreads will serve you better. You can use Twitter's search function to find your people on Twitter. The result is you're not talking about hours of browsing the social sites, but instead you can budget your time to get the best use out of it.

Meeting Your Audience Offline

When you know your audience, you can laser target your advertising and promotion efforts offline to make the most of your marketing budget. You can also find targeted audiences of people predisposed to like your work.

One woman, whose novel involved a beauty shop operator, set up a book signing in her hair dresser's salon. Another, whose murder mystery involved a racehorse, got a book signing at a horse racing arena and sold out all the hardbacks she took to the event.

By focusing on your audience, you can find where they congregate and get your book in front of them. So much easier than trying to scream loud enough to be heard by everybody.?

Finding Your Book's Target Audience

Finding your book's target market takes some thought and imagination -- but authors have plenty of that. By crafting your message to the people most receptive, you not only save time and money on your marketing budget, but you also save yourself from the unnecessary discouragement of having the wrong people saying, "No."

There's never been a book that "everybody" liked. Embrace that, and find your people. Speak to them in words and images that they relate to. You'll find that your book marketing -- and the next book's writing -- go much more smoothly.?

About the Author

Jan Bear helps authors build their online platform even if they don't have any experience producing for the web. She writes about book marketing at http://www.MarketYourBookBlog.com. She is the author of a new book, Target Marketing for Authors, available at fine online booksellers.

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L.A. council moves ahead on ban of paper and plastic bags

A Los Angeles City Council committee moved forward Wednesday with a plan to end the use of paper and plastic bags at supermarket checkout lines, saying such a move would spur consumers to switch to more environmentally friendly reusable ones.

The council's Energy and Environment Committee forwarded its strategy for banning bags at 7,500 stores to the full council, comparing the change to laws requiring seat belts or banning smoking in restaurants.

The vote occurred despite objections from workers at a plastic bag manufacturer who said their company would be devastated if bans are passed throughout the country.

"I will be losing my job, losing my insurance. Please take that into consideration," said Norma Fierro, an employee of plastic bag manufacturer Crown Poly, whose managers had warned that a city ban could prompt the layoff of between 20 and 130 employees.

Councilman Paul Koretz said he expected that Crown Poly would need to eliminate only a small number of positions. And he compared the company to makers of horse-drawn carriages at the start of the 20th century.

"I'm the last one to allow for layoffs in L.A. city, and I fight them hard," he said. "But I've never stood and said that if a job doesn't make sense anymore, that we've got to keep that job."

Under the proposal, the council would still need to draft an ordinance and initiate an environmental review of the bag phaseout. Once the ordinance is in effect, city officials would provide six months' warning to stores ? including supermarkets and other retailers that sell food ? that plastic bags would no longer be permitted, city officials said.

Once the plastic bag ban is in place, supermarkets would be required to charge 10 cents for each paper bag. Six months later, paper bags would be prohibited as well, said Koretz, who wrote the proposal.

The bag ban has been supported by an array of environmental groups, who say the vast majority of plastic bags are not recycled and are going into the ocean and other locations instead. Councilman Dennis Zine said a bag ban would cause the public to rely on reusable bags.

"People will adjust," he said. "They'll adapt ... and learn to take it with them."

Andrea Alarcon, president of the Board of Public Works, had urged the panel to embrace a complete ban, saying paper bags lead to deforestation. Her father, Councilman Richard Alarcon, voted with his colleagues to advance the proposal.

He called the decision difficult, noting that Crown Poly offers a good benefits package to its workers.

"I wish that we could do something to assist them," he said. "One of the problems ... is that none of these companies are based in Los Angeles directly."

david.zahniser@latimes.com

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White Rock Lake, Texas, Dodges Several Storm Bullets

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Civil War Toll Up by 20 Percent in New Estimate

[unable to retrieve full-text content]Extrapolating from new data, a historian suggests that about 20 percent more died than previously thought.

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VA House loan Home loan Ripoffs | Article Directory

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Circumstance two
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31. March 2012 by daveross
Categories: Finance | Tags: finance, home, mortgage | Comments Off

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San Jose Auto Repair and Services at B & C Auto

B & C Auto Center in San Jose, California provides some of the highest quality auto repairs and services to be found in the country. They have a 97.4% referral rating by past customers on Demandforce.com and consistently rank extremely high on Angie's List as well by a multitude of delighted customers.

Expertise

B&C Auto Center has proven they are a San Jose auto repair shop that has all the expertise to service all major and minor systems and parts for both domestic and foreign vehicles. Their San Jose auto service employs only the most highly trained ASE certified, master automotive technicians. Their San Jose car repair services include brake parts, suspension repair, exhaust system services, plus most every type of engine and transmission issue that a vehicle owner would to have service for.

Specifically their expert brake service in San Jose provides the highest standards of automotive service possible. Moreover, they utilize only the most state-of-the-art tools, supplies and equipment to help diagnose and solve even the most complex car troubles.

Experience

B & C Auto has more than thirty years of professional experience in the automotive service and repair industry. Their experience has given them insight to their customers? needs and they provide extra services to help them including offering rental cars, convenient shuttle services, as well as a substantive two year/24,000 mile warranty on every repair they perform. With this experience came the great idea of ensuring that every vehicle a customer brings in for service or repair will come out in much better shape than when it was brought in due to their strict attention to the most precise service and repair details.

Professional Customer Service

Their San Jose auto service also includes extending only the highest standards of customer appreciation and satisfaction.

They give each customer exceptional levels of honesty, fairness, and dependability with each service or repair they perform. They're extremely proud and passionate about the level of care and concern that they show to all their customers and past clients have had complete satisfaction when using their professional automotive services on all their cars, trucks, SUVs and vans. Residents living in the area truly won't be able to find a more exceptional San Jose auto repair shop. Give them a call the next time you need to bring in your vehicle for service at 408 267-1114 or visit their website at www.bcautocenter.com.

Source: http://vehicle.ezinemark.com/san-jose-auto-repair-and-services-at-b-c-auto-7d35365c22b9.html

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